The origin of the Earth

• Based on observational facts cosmologist have developedclasses of hypothesis which try to explain the origin of the earth. One of them are:

• The Big Bang Theory

13.7 billion years ago, the entirety of our universe was compressed into the confines of an atomic nucleus. Known as a singularity, this is the moment before creation when space and time did not exist. According to the prevailing cosmological models that explain our universe, an ineffable explosion, trillions of degrees in temperature on any measurement scale, that was infinitely dense, created not only fundamental subatomic particles and thus matter and energy but space and time itself. Cosmology theorists combined with the observations of their astronomy colleagues have been able to reconstruct the primordial chronology of events known as the big bang.

Creation of a Cosmology: Big Bang Theory

Camparison between all the planet

Morning. Today i will show you the comparison all the planet. In general, all the planet have it own distance, radius, mass and so on.

	Distance (AU)	Radius (Earth's)	Mass (Earth's)	Rotation (Earth's)	# Moons	Orbital Inclination	Orbital Eccentricity	Obliquity	Density (g/cm3)
Sun	0	109	332,800	25-36*	9	---	---	---	1.410
Mercury	0.39	0.38	0.05	58.8	0	7	0.2056	0.1°	5.43
Venus	0.72	0.95	0.89	244	0	3.394	0.0068	177.4°	5.25
Earth	1.0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1	0.000	0.0167	23.45°	5.52
Mars	1.5	0.53	0.11	1.029	2	1.850	0.0934	25.19°	3.95
Jupiter	5.2	11	318	0.411	16	1.308	0.0483	3.12°	1.33
Saturn	9.5	9	95	0.428	18	2.488	0.0560	26.73°	0.69
Uranus	19.2	4	17	0.748	15	0.774	0.0461	97.86°	1.29
Neptune	30.1	4	17	0.802	8	1.774	0.0097	29.56°	1.64
Pluto	39.5	0.18	0.002	0.267	1	17.15	0.2482	119.6°	2.03

The universe and solar system

> Our solar system consists of an average star we call the Sun, the planets Mercury,
Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.

> It includes: the satellites of the planets; numerous comets, asteroids, and
meteoroids; and the interplanetary medium.

> The Sun is the richest source of electromagnetic energy (mostly in the form of heat
and light) in the solar system.

> The nine major planets including our earth and their moons are revolving around the
Sun.

The Terrestrial Planets


• The terrestrial planets are the four innermost
planets in the solar system, Mercury, Venus,
Earth and Mars. They are called terrestrial
because they have a compact, rocky surface like
the Earth's. The planets, Venus, Earth, and Mars
have significant atmospheres while Mercury has
almost none.

The Jovian Planets


• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are known
as the Jovian (Jupiter-like) planets, because they
are all gigantic compared with Earth, and they
have a gaseous nature like Jupiter's
• Satellites or Moons: are those celestial bodies, each of which are
revolving around any of these nine planets.
• Asteroids are the minor planets generally situated between orbits of Mars and
Jupiter.
• Comets are the heavenly bodies having along tail pointing approximately away from
the sun and a brighter head section (coma) that contains a small bright nucleus.
• Meteors are smaller solid bodies moving through the space, and getting illuminated
while entering earth’s atmosphere.

Why a civil engineer studies geology?

Why a civil engineer studies geology?

(1) The engineering geologist presents the geological data and interpretations for
use by the civil engineers.

(2) The role of engineering geology - begins during the planning stage, where the
geologic data are required in order to achieve accuracy.


Some engineering works that need understandings/related to geological aspect:
(1)Construction of dam
(2)Landslide
(3)Rock as aggregates & construction material
(4)Hydro geological

Introduction to Geology

Geology – study of planet earth, its origin, history, composition, structure and dynamics of how it changes.

The term ‘Geology’ has been derived from the Greek words Geo + logos where Geo means Earth and logos means discourse (study or science).

Geology – event formed during geological time involving interpretation and observation of event occurred and still occurring at present in earth.

Geological process occurred during very large span of geological time left their record in rocks.

Engineering geology is a subfield of geological study concerning about the geological inputs and the uses of the information to solve the engineering problems.

It exists solely to serve art and science of engineering through description of the structure and attributes of rocks connected with engineering works (Goodman,1993).